Introduction to Philosophy of Science

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

According to the study of the fundamentals of philosophy of science, the idea of philosophy is studying & thinking about the general and basic questions. This is a very practical subject everyone should learn. It is very practical because we have to study of the nature and behavior of the truth, knowledge, value and morality.

And science is the study of the nature and behavior of natural living or non-living things and the knowledge that we can obtain about them by observing them.

As humans we must have an idea about the philosophy. Because every subject, every path has a philosophical base. In present time science and philosophy are more related to each other. This is because most of the theories that are using and building in science are the theories those were contributed by ancient philosophers.

HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Philosophy has been around since the dawn of western civilization. The golden age of Greek philosophy took place in Athens in the 5th century BC.

When having a look at of philosophy includes not only forming very own solutions to such questions. However additionally searching to recognize the manner in which humans have replied such questions in the past. So, a big a part of philosophy is, its’ records, a records of solutions and arguments about these questions. When analyzing the records of philosophy there are so many historic figures.

Ex: Aristotle, Socrates, Plato, Aquinas, Descartes, Marx, Bertrand Russel, etc.

Famous quotes by them:

“The unexamined life is not worth living” – Socrates.

Socrates

“It is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing it true” – Bertrand Russel

 

Bertrand Russel

“The life of man (in a state of nature) is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short” – Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes

“Happiness is not an ideal of reason but of imagination” – Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant

“No man's knowledge here can go beyond his experience” – John Locke

John Locke

SUBFIELDS OF PHILOSOPHY

To recognize the principles of educational philosophies, it’s important to first study philosophy’s most important areas. Understanding educational philosophy will contribute to the knowledge of how those foundations have given rise to what's generally practiced and believed today. The four most important areas of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, logic and aesthetics.

• Metaphysics :

Metaphysics is the section of philosophy that considers the physical universe and the nature of exact reality. It asks questions like, What is real? Who is God? What is the origin of the world? What is beyond the stars? So what is your consideration? If it is an external creation or an internal construct can influence your metaphysical beliefs. So you can argue on these areas in a considerable & a fair manner.

• Epistemology :

Epistemology is the area of philosophy that considers how people involve with others to learn what they know. The meaning of the "Greek word episteme", knowledge or understanding. So the epistemology refers to the nature and origin of knowledge and truth. According to epistemology there are four main bases of knowledge. They are divine revelation, experience, logic and reason, and intuition.

• Ethics :

What it is meant by Ethics (moral philosophy) is involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. In these days philosophers are dividing this into three general subject areas. They are metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics.

• Logic :

Logic is there to provide methods to get the good from bad reasoning. Logic has two types. They are deductive and inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is there to deduce a general set of rules or principles, and then applying these rules to specific cases. Inductive reasoning involves taking specific examples and considering the general principles, rules, or cases that caused them.

• Aesthetics :

The critical reflections about the art, culture and nature in a view of aesthetic way. The simple way to understand this is the way we’re looking at something and find whether that particular thing is in a beautiful way or opposite of that. But can everyone can find everything beautiful? It also examines individual taste.

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Written by : Himauv Atthanayake