Effect of Science and Philosophy to Our Lives

Philosophy of Science

According to the study of the fundamentals of philosophy of science, the idea of philosophy is studying & thinking about the general and basic questions. This is a very practical subject we’re learning. It is very practical because we have to study of the nature and behavior of the truth, knowledge, value and morality. 

As students we must have an idea about the philosophy. Because every subject, every path has some philosophical base. These steps should follow when using the scientific inquiry. 

Subfields of Philosophy of Science

To recognize the principles of educational philosophies, it’s important to first study Philosophy of Science (IDC1201) 2021 2 philosophy’s four most important areas. Understanding educational philosophy will contribute to the knowledge of how those foundations have given rise to what's generally practiced and believed today. The four most important areas of philosophy are;

• Metaphysics.
• Epistemology.
• Ethics.
• Logic. 
• Aesthetics.

Arguments

In philosophy, an argument could be a connected series of statements, as well as a minimum of one premise, supposed to demonstrate that another statement, the conclusion, is true. And also argument offers proof for a claim, or conclusion. In everyday life, people often use "argument" to mean a quarrel between people. But in logic and critical thinking, an argument is a list of statements including premises and conclusions.

• Premise - A premise is a statement in an argument that gives reason or support for the conclusion. There may be one or many premises in a very single argument.
• Conclusion - A conclusion is a statement that is inferred (reasoned) from the argument’s premises & it indicates of what the arguer is trying to convince the reader/listener. There can be only one conclusion for an argument.

There are two types of arguments. They are;

• Deductive Arguments - It is an argument that is presented to be valid. Therefore, it cannot have a false conclusion when it is possible that all of its premises are true.
• Inductive Arguments - It is an argument that strength comes in degrees. It is NOT supposed to be valid. They can only be strong or weak.

Sometimes in our lives we also have make good arguments. So in those times it is so important to know what a good argument is. If we know that we can solve our problems easily. For an example, when we are looking at our health, fatty food is not a good one.

(P1) If we eat fatty food our health is unstable.

(P2) I want to stay healthy.

(C) Therefore, I have to stay away from fatty food.

Standard Form of an Argument

The standard form of an argument could be a method of presenting the argument that makes clear which statements are premises, how many premises there are, and which statements is the conclusion. In standard form, the conclusion of the argument is listed last.

Ex:

(P1) I'm leave on this week.

(P2) I do not answer any official phone calls on my leave.

(C)Therefore, I do not answer any official phone calls this week.

Science

Science is the pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social world following a systematic methodology based on evidence.

Scientific Method

The scientific method is used in all sciences including chemistry, physics, geology, and psychology. The scientists in these fields ask different/completely different questions and perform different tests. However, they use a similar core approach to find answers that are logical and supported by proof.

Hypothesis

A hypothesis is usually examined by multiple scientists to make sure the integrity and truthfulness of the experiment. This method can take years, and in several cases hypotheses don't go any further in the scientific method because it is difficult to collect sufficient supporting evidence. Sometimes we also have to make hypothesis in our life to solve some problems.

Science And Philosophy of Science

Philosophy is a kind of Science, a reservoir of knowledge which will only be understood through rigorous investigation and study. The philosophers of science have spent a good bit of time trying to find the line between science and non-science.

The Law

Law has been defined as “a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by a controlling authority, and having binding legal force. That which should be obeyed and followed by citizens subject to sanctions or legal consequence is a law.”

Purpose of Law

The law informs way of life in a wide range of the way and is mirrored in various branches of law. The law serves several purposes. Four principal ones are; 

• Establishing standards - The law is a guidepost for minimally acceptable behavior in society.
• Maintaining order - This is an offshoot of establishing standards.
• Resolving disputes - The law provides a formal means for resolving disputes the court system.
• Protecting liberties and rights - One function of the law is to protect these various liberties and rights from violations or unreasonable intrusions by persons, organizations, or government.

The Rule of Law

What is the rule of law? Aren’t laws and rules the same thing?

The rule of law is the legal principle that law should govern a nation, as against being governed by arbitrary decisions of individual governing body. Rule of law implies that every citizen is subject to the law, including lawmakers themselves.

The Scientific Law

Scientific laws develop from scientific discoveries and strictly tested hypotheses, and new theories usually uphold and expand laws—though neither is ever held to be unquestionably true.

Examples for scientific laws are;

• Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation.
• Newton’s Laws of Motion.
• The Laws of Thermodynamics.

Thank You!!!

Written by : Himauv Atthanayake